来源：《地理学报》
4 讨论与启示
通过上文的分析可知，对待经典地缘政治理论，应以关注其理论构建过程，丰富对地缘政治理论本体论、认识论、方法论、价值论的理解为根本，而不要局限或拘泥于其结论或某些言论。特别是要恢复地缘政治学理论构建的历史性、社会性和情境性及其包含的权力—知识结构。这正如马克思所指出的那样，如果事物的表现形式和事物的本质会直接合而为一，一切科学就都会成为多余的了[8]。这对构建适应中国崛起背景下的和平地缘战略具有重要的启示意义。
(1)结合批判地缘政治学的发展和通过此文分析可以看出，经典地缘政治理论不存在所谓的真理的永恒性。理论构建取决于当时国际格局、国家国情、理论构建者等众多因素。国家利益空间分布、国家实力、国家间地理冲突和国家权力短板效应为理论构建明确了方向。当前中国国家实力已经处于第二，而国家权力短板是海军实力，虽然中国国家利益已经遍布全球，但是国家间地理冲突却主要集中在中国周边。同时，中国是一个海陆兼备的国家。因此，未来构建中国和平崛起的地缘战略应以此为出发点。
(2)从全球尺度来看，美国虽然已经利用其强大的经济和军事后盾构建了对其有力的地缘格局，并控制了主要海上交通枢纽。但是中国和平崛起的目标并不是称霸，也不是与美国争霸。这就决定了未来中国提出的和平地缘战略应该是有别于经典地缘政治理论。我们认为，面对美国重返亚太后强化与中国周边国家之间的战略联盟，中国应该选择“冷处理”，加强与周边国家经济、社会文化等方面的合作。同时，通过开挖克拉地海峡运河、尼加拉瓜运河和修改泛亚铁路等削弱美国对海上通道控制，主动强化国家海运安全保障。
(3)这也从侧面论证了当前中国提出“一带一路”战略的正确性。“一带一路”通过强化国家间经济交往，构建了一个和平发展、互利共赢的地缘战略。这既避免了与美国的争霸和正面冲突，又通过构建陆、海、空三位一体的立体交通大网络破解美国重返亚太时对中国的地缘围堵。有利于形成国家间的“利益共同体”和“命运共同体”。这完全符合前面两点的分析。
21世纪以来，中国正处于民族伟大复兴和国家全面发展的关键时期，面对异常复杂多变的国际环境，加强对地缘环境的理论研究，这对民族复兴、国家安全与发展战略的制定都有着重大的理论和实践价值。近年来，中国地理学界已经开始加强了对地缘政治学的研究，相关单位成立了地缘政治研究中心，但是当前研究过于偏重技术、实证类的研究，理论研究仍显不足。与其他的相关人文地理分支学科相比，作为政治地理学主要研究方向的地缘政治学发展明显落后[66]。地理学者应顺势而为，强化对地缘政治的研究，为国家做出更大的贡献。
①来自《历史的地理枢纽》的引言部分，作者E.W.吉尔伯特。
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